Overview
The most prevalent inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid). It reduces neuronal activity by inhibiting nerve transmission in the brain. GABA is involved in behavior, cognition, and the body’s reaction to stress. It is a supplement that is produced naturally in the brain.
Key Benefits
- Produces a calming, relaxing effect
- Supports restful sleep
- Alleviates anxiety, stress, and depression
- May help enhance exercise-induced muscle strength
- May help reduce high blood pressure
- May help reduce symptoms of motion sickness
- Produces antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiseizure effects
History of Usage
In 1950, Eugene Roberts and Sam Frankel identified GABA as a major amino acid produced in the brain. GABA’s activity in the brain was revealed by Canadian researchers in 1957 when they found that the compound had an inhibitory effect on crayfish neurons. Eventually, it became clear that Roberts’ and Frankel’s discovery marked a major milestone in the quest to unravel how neurotransmitters control brain activity.
GABA’s discovery has spurred many research activities, with more than 30,000 papers on the topic. Today GABA is sold as a popular dietary supplement in the United and Europe
Biochemistry
When it comes to GABA’s permeability across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB), the evidence is mixed. There have been a number of studies that have been unable to prove that GABA crosses the BBB, as well as a good deal of research that has shown that GABA can cross the BBB. The claims made by hundreds of customers online about the soothing effects of GABA dietary supplements have some evidence, but independent research is needed. Furthermore, even if a calming effect of GABA can be proved with certainty, the mechanism by which these supplements act is unknown. GABA supplements are created by fermenting a type of lactic acid bacteria.
Recent Trends
GABA has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use as a supplement and as a food additive. Manufacturers may include GABA in a variety of products, including sports drinks, snack bars, chewing gum, and candies. The global market for GABA was worth $47 million in 2020 and is expected to reach $69 million by the end of 2026, growing at a 5.6% compound annual growth rate between 2021 and 2026.
Precautions
Women who are pregnant or nursing should consult their healthcare providers before taking GABA supplements.
GABA is probably safe when taken orally and according to the manufacturer’s directions.
References
1. Ngo D-H, Vo TS. An Updated Review on Pharmaceutical Properties of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid. Molecules. 2019; 24(15):2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152678
2. Evert Boonstra, et al. Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior. Front. Psychol., 06 October 2015 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01520
